Ilex bonsai trees require bright, indirect light. They can tolerate some direct sunlight, but too much can cause leaf burn. If kept indoors, place them near a south-facing window.

Keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy. Water when the top layer of soil starts to dry out. Ensure the pot has proper drainage to prevent root rot.

Ilex bonsai thrives in high humidity. Use a humidity tray or mist the leaves regularly, especially during dry indoor months.

Regular pruning is essential to maintain shape and encourage new growth. Trim back shoots and remove dead or damaged branches. Pruning should be done in early spring or late summer.

Repot every 2-3 years, ideally during the spring. Trim the roots slightly to encourage healthy growth and use well-draining bonsai soil.

Fertilize during the growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced liquid fertilizer every 2-4 weeks. Reduce feeding during fall and winter when the tree is less active.

Ilex bonsai prefers cooler temperatures, between 5°C and 20°C (41°F - 68°F). It can tolerate some frost, but long periods of freezing temperatures should be avoided.

Common pests include aphids, spider mites, and scale. Treat infestations with insecticidal soap or neem oil.

Ilex bonsai benefits from a dormancy period during winter. During this time, reduce watering and feeding and avoid pruning. The tree may shed some leaves during the colder months.